How dare the Christians defend themselves!?!

The excellent Tony Chartrand-Burke of Apocryphicity, is doing some very useful work on obscure apocrypha in Old Slavonic.  Indeed I look in from time to time, in the hope that he’s posted more! I learn that he has written an article Heresy hunting in the New Millennium, attacking Christians who criticise the gnostics and their modern propagandists.  I’m sorry to see this; it’s not constructive to get involved in modern religious controversy like this, surely?

I’ve read the article, but it reads a bit as if Tony is repeating stuff from somewhere, by someone rather accustomed to religious polemic.  There’s a paragraph that pretends that Christians are being unreasonable for seeing themselves attacked by the Jesus Seminar and its roadshows in the bible belt, Bart Ehrman’s numerous books attacking the bible, and the Da Vinci Code’s misrepresentation of early history.  No sensible person could take that view; and Tony is certainly a sensible and honest person.  But isn’t pretending the other person is the aggressor a very old trick for disarming a foe before you stick it to him?  After all, we all know that WW2 was started by the Poles invading Germany… if we believe German news sources of the time!  Likewise we’re told that Elaine Pagels is misrepresented; but we’re not told why or how, only that we mustn’t criticise her.

Another old trick used in these sorts of debates is to claim that your opponents aren’t up-to-date with the latest scholarship.  But of course the same irrelevant claim could be said in any religious debate.  Whether the gnostic gospels are from the apostolic circle or not does not depend on some paper published in some journal 20 minutes ago!  But the intention is the same; to stifle criticism by any means, to position your foe as ignorant, while continuing to advance claims which are contradicted by the historical record in order to knife contemporary religious foes.

I enjoyed particularly the complaints that the *Christians* are demonising the gnostics, while demonising all the rest of us as “heresy hunters.”  Hey, Tony, I haven’t burned anyone at the stake, honestly I haven’t!  (Perhaps someone asked him out for “steak” or something, and misunderstanding occurred).  But I do belong to a group that has been demonised and banned from a university campus, tho, by people chanting similar-sounding slogans, with the connivance of the university authorities.  Christians have no power; it’s all we can do to keep off people determined to hijack us.  Again, we have the victim being accused of being the aggressor.

Can anyone really believe that Christians are not entitled to self-definition, of who is or is not a believer, which beliefs do and do not form part of the apostolic teaching?  If not, then all this use of terms like “heresy hunting” — which smells of the inquisition — is merely demonisation.

These sorts of arguments all smell of the faggot, of the sort of debate where the object is to prevent your opponent being heard.  This is why I presume they have been borrowed.  It’s nasty stuff, tho.

Please, please, let’s stop this.  Study of the apocrypha does not benefit from alienating the Christians.  On the contrary, it is suicide for those interested in it.  Already we see that the public misuse of these texts, the pretence that they are somehow equivalent to the canonical gospels — by people like Elaine Pagels –, is causing a reaction, is causing Christians to consider that academics are being dishonest and peddling hate under cover of scholarship.   No doubt the Christian haters love that.  But the rest of us must be appalled.  Which is most important to us — studying the apocrypha or knifing the Christians?

If I were to lecture on textual criticism to a bunch of Moslems, I would not start by telling them that TC proves Islam is untrue and that the Koran is like any other text.  I believe both of those propositions; but nevertheless, I would be there to teach them textual criticism, not to insult their religion.  If I was so foolish, I would lead them to reject both TC and me.  If I care about learning, the last thing I am going to do is to poison the well, to cause people to reject it.  Still less would I teach some fabricated set of lies about Koranic origins as fact!

Let’s stop baiting the Christians.  Let’s stop pretending that scholarship teaches us that Christianity is untrue.  Let’s stop trying to present scholarship as the enemy of faith, and start presenting it as interesting for itself.

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Timothy I, Dialogue with the Caliph al-Mahdi

In 781 AD the East Syriac Catholicos, Timothy I, was invited by the Abbassid Caliph al-Mahdi to answer a series of questions about Christianity over two days.  The discussion took place at Baghdad, while the Caliph’s son, Harun al-Raschid, was conducting a campaign against the Byzantines. 

The questions and his replies are extant in Syriac.  I’ve placed the English translation by Alphonse Mingana online here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/timothy_i_apology_01_text.htm

Introduction here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/timothy_i_apology_00_intro.htm

Timothy I was an interesting man, heavily involved in the Nestorian evangelism which ultimately reached China.  He also was involved in biblical textual criticism, and his letters record the discovery of some old manuscripts of the Psalms in the region of the Dead Sea; a possible precursor of the modern Dead Sea Scrolls discovery.

The text above is public domain: please copy freely.  It now forms part of my collection of public domain patristic texts available here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/

For those who would like to support the work of the site, you can buy a CDROM of the translations from here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/all_the_fathers_on_cd.htm

All the best,

Roger Pearse

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Nicaea II and missing books

This post raises some interesting questions about the destruction of Iconoclast literature after the second council of Nicaea in 787 AD.  (Also commented on here at Labarum).

The thrust of the post is that the council ordered the destruction of iconoclast books, aside from those held in a private collection by the patriarch of Constantinople.  The existence of such a collection may explain some of the reading material listed by Photius in his Bibliotheca.

What I was not clear about, tho, was what the historical sources quoted were.  How do we know this?

Sadly a firewall prevents me posting a comment, but if you know, please let me know.

I find that this is supposedly from the 9th canon of the canons of the council.  In the NPNF translation these read:

Canon IX.

That none of the books containing the heresy of the traducers of the Christians are to be hid.

All the childish devices and mad ravings which have been falsely written against the venerable images, must be delivered up to the Episcopium of Constantinople, that they may be locked away with other heretical books. And if anyone is found hiding such books, if he be a bishop or presbyter or deacon, let him be deposed; but if he be a monk or layman, let him be anathema.

Notes.

Ancient Epitome of Canon IX.

If any one is found to have concealed a book written against the venerable images, if he is on the clergy list let him be deposed; if a layman or monk let him be cut off.

Van Espen.

What here is styled Episcopium was the palace of the Patriarch. In this palace were the archives, and this was called the “Cartophylacium,” in which the charts and episcopal laws were laid up. To this there was a prefect, the grand Chartophylax, one of the principal officials and of most exalted dignity of the Church of Constantinople, whose office Codinus explains as follows: “The Ghartophylax has in his keeping all the charts which pertain to ecclesiastical law (that is to say the letters in which privileges and other rights of the Church are contained) and is the judge of all ecclesiastical causes, and presides over marriage controversies which are taken cognizance of, and proceedings for dissolution of the marriage bond; moreover, he is judge in other clerical strifes, as the right hand of the Patriarch.”

In this Cartophylaceum or Archives, therefore, under the faithful guardianship of the Chartophylax, the fathers willed that the writings of the Iconoclasts should be laid up, lest in their perusal simple Catholics might be led astray.

But here at IntraText I find a different version of the text.  Now IntraText is not a scanning site; they just use what others upload.  So which translation is this?  The same text is here.  I also find it here with attribution to Peter L’Huillier. 

After much searching, I find online “Canons of the seven ecumenical councils from the Rudder trans. by D. Cummings, 1957, with intro by Archbishop Peter L’Huillier.” (Chicago: Orthodox Christian Educational Society) and discussed here.

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Ever wanted to own a medieval manuscript?

A sale at Christies recently would have given you the chance.  This 13th century Latin bible, with Jerome’s prologues, sold for $39,000.  There were papyri, Syriac mss, fragments of all sorts of things; many of which went for a few thousand dollars.  I’m glad I didn’t know about the sale or I might have been tempted to bid!  But… whatever would I do with a manuscript, other than gloat over it occasionally?

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Courage beyond imagination: scanning Gregory’s Moralia In Job

I’ve scanned a text or two in my time.  There are some volumes, however, that inspire fear.

First among these are the volumes of the Oxford Movement “Library of the Fathers”.  The format of the volumes, with 600+ pages, copious marginalia and two columns of footnotes, means that any text from this series is an utter pain to scan.

There are 6 volumes of Gregory the Great’s “Moralia on Job” in this series.  I have never had the courage to even seek them out.  The memory of Cyril of Alexandria on John still lingers!

All credit, then, to a modern hero who for the last year or two has been steadily digitising this monster work.  I wondered tonight if he might have weakened and halted: but it seems not!  Find as far as he has got here:

http://www.lectionarycentral.com/GregoryMoraliaIndex.html

Why not send him an email of appreciation?  Such effort deserves all our thanks. 

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Possidius, Life of St. Augustine now online

For those who may find it useful, I’ve scanned and placed online Weiskotten’s English translation (1919) of Possidius’ Life of St. Augustine.  It’s here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/possidius_life_of_augustine_02_text.htm

Possidius was a friend of Augustine’s, and his biography remains the principal source for the life of the saint.

Other English translations of the Fathers can be found in the collection:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers

I also do a CDROM of the collection; if people would like to support the site, you can purchase it from here:

http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/all_the_fathers_on_cd.htm

It’s been quite a while since I last had a plain English translation to scan.  The great mass of work on the collection of the Fathers was done in the past, and I really don’t think that there are all that many out-of-copyright English texts of patristic works around any more. 

But how technology has improved!  When I started, OCR produced a  bug on every line.  Possidius was scanned into the PC in 15 minutes from the Kessinger reprint; an image not of the highest quality. The OCR in Finereader 9 ran through it quickly, and recognised the header and the body of the page.  The recognition quality was unbelievable, by comparison with times past.  There were probably only a dozen errors in the whole text!  It then took an hour to format up, do chapter headings, etc.  But it took so little time, and was done so fast.

There really is no excuse for not scanning any English text that someone wants to see online, unless it has some strange format.

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The martyrs of Orissa

The media has been very quiet about the systematic violence against Christians in India.  The BBC, bless them, even ran articles about “Hindu-Christian violence”; although they couldn’t discover any Christian violence.  The violence is defended by some on the basis that “missionaries are causing it.”  The same appalling excuse was trotted out when the same sort of people burned an Australian missionary and his family to death as they slept in their Landrover. 

Today the Times publishes a forthright leader on the subject, “India’s shame”, which lays out the brutal facts pretty simply.

We need to pray for the modern martyrs and confessors for Christ, and for change in India.

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Lagarde’s Coptic Gospel Catena

I obtained a copy of the printed text of this catena for the Eusebius project.  It appears to be out of print, so I’m going to make it available to buy on Lulu.com in printed form again.   I might try and get it distributed as well — it would be interesting to see how that works.

The book is now available here.

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Old posts mirrored here

Many of my projects commenced while I was still blogging at Thoughts on Antiquity.  I’ve therefore mirrored these posts here, so that they are all in one place. Thanks for Chris Weimer for the export.

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Feeling the crunch

I have a number of projects on the go to create English translations of material never previously translated or — in some cases — not even edited.  The economic news here is now becoming so bad that it is starting to affect ordinary individuals.  As a freelance, my income is a little uncertain anyway; 2009 may involve rather a lot of “non-earning” time, which is quite stressful.  Rather worse news for me is that most of my “rainy day” savings were in the collapsed bank Icesave.  (If about 1,000 readers would care to buy my CDROM of the Fathers, that would be very welcome right now!).

So I’m going to have to cut back somewhat.  I was in the process of commissioning a translation of the Coptic fragments of Eusebius Quaestiones.  This I will now postpone.  I think that I can still afford the other three items I have on the go; the Greek of Eusebius, Cyril of Alexandria’s Apologeticus Ad Imperatorem and Al-Majdalus Commentary on the Nicene Creed.  I shall feel relieved when these complete, though!  Other ideas that I’ve had in mind will now be put on hold until times improve.

As might be expected, all of this has led me to some reflections on the impermanence of life.  I tend to place quite a bit of my faith in my savings, my ability to earn a living, and my confidence that my way of life will continue unchanged in a comfortable way.  In the last couple of days, all this has looked like an illusion.  But… is this not life?  Wouldn’t the ascetic fathers simply smile and nod their heads?

I learn from the news reports that politicians are having to change every assumption, and think originally and inventively to deal with the crisis.  Policies pursued for years suddenly turn out to be irrelevant, expensive luxuries.  Events like these bring us to ourselves.  They strip away the illusions in which we can so easily lose sight of what is going on.  In this sense, they are God’s anti-septic.  After all, all our money will mean nothing to us on the day we die.

At lunchtime today I was in a newsagent to buy a paper and a coke.  I stood behind someone, whom I gradually realised must be mentally disabled in some way.  But he stood there, forcing his reluctant body and mind to go through the process of buying some little purchase, of counting out money from his wallet.  Clearly he found it hard to keep in mind how much a few dollars was; or what change he should expect.

Stood behind him, I felt a little more reality creep into my mind.  My problem didn’t look so serious: one can always get more money, somehow.  We’re all very fortunate, very blessed, that we don’t have disabilities that will never go away, as that man did. 

Let’s keep our feet on the ground.  Here we have no abiding city, and all our projects, efforts and dreams will end with the grave.  Let’s make sure we cherish each day, and consider how we stand when we come before God.

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